Former Bosnian Serb commander Ratko Mladic will on Tuesday hear the final verdict on his conviction for the 1995 Srebrenica massacre, Europe’s worst act of bloodshed since World War II.
UN judges in The Hague will rule on an appeal by the so-called “Butcher of Bosnia” against his 2017 conviction and life sentence for genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity during the 1992-5 Bosnia war.
Mladic, now frail and in his late seventies but still prone to courtroom outbursts against NATO and the West, is expected to be in the dock at the tribunal to hear the judgment read out from 1300 GMT.
The verdict by five judges at the UN International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals — which deals with cases from the now-closed Yugoslavia war crimes tribunal — is final and cannot be appealed any further.
Mothers of some of the 8,000 mostly Muslim men and boys killed when Bosnian Serb troops overran Srebrenica will meanwhile be outside the court in the Netherlands where they have long campaigned for justice.
“We will go to The Hague to look the executioner in the eye once again as he is finally sentenced,” Munira Subasic, president of one of the “Mothers of Srebrenica” associations, told AFP.
Prosecutors have also appealed against Mladic’s acquittal on wider genocide charges.
Tribunal prosecutor Serge Brammertz said he was “cautiously optimistic” about the verdict and “can’t imagine another outcome than confirmation” of at least the original verdict.
– ‘Target of NATO’ –
Mladic, who spent a decade on the run before his capture in 2011, was the military face of a brutal trio led on the political side by ex-Yugoslav president Slobodan Milosevic and former Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic.
Mladic was found guilty of genocide for personally overseeing the massacre at the supposedly UN-protected enclave of Srebrenica as part of a campaign to drive out Muslims.
Footage from the time showed him handing out sweets to children before they and the women of Srebrenica were taken away by bus, while the men of the town were marched into a forest and executed.
He was also found guilty of orchestrating a wider campaign of “ethnic cleansing” to drive Muslims and Bosnians out of key areas to create a Greater Serbia as Yugoslavia tore itself apart after the fall of communism.
The war left around 100,000 people dead and 2.2 million displaced.
But Mladic, who gives his age as 78 but it is 79 according to the court, insisted during an appeal hearing last year that he was a “target of the NATO alliance” and derided the court as a “child of western powers”.
His lawyers argued that he was far from the scene at the time of the actual killings in Srebrenica, and that he could not be held responsible for the crimes of his subordinates.
They will be watching for the findings of presiding judge Prisca Nyambe of Zambia, who gave a dissenting opinion in the 2012 verdict of Mladic’s right-hand man Zdravko Tolimir, which questioned the basis for his genocide conviction.
The appeal hearing was delayed repeatedly after Mladic needed surgery to remove a polyp, and then because of the Covid-19 pandemic. Access to the court on Tuesday is also limited because of coronavirus measures.
– ‘His work is great’ –
Mladic is the last of the Serb trio to face justice, with Milosevic dying of a heart attack in his cell in The Hague in 2006 before his trial had finished, while Karadzic is serving a life sentence for genocide in Srebrenica.
Relatives of the victims hoped that the court would also overturn Mladic’s acquittal on wider genocide convictions, saying it was necessary for reconciliation between still-divided communities.
“This verdict is not only important for the victims and survivors. It is very important for the future of our children, of all of us,” said Subasic, who planned to be at the court with around a dozen supporters.
For some Bosnian Serbs, Mladic and Karadzic remain heroes.
A few dozen Serbs gathered on the eve of the verdict at Bratunac, near Srebrenica, to watch a film about Mladic, although the turnout was smaller than expected.
“His work is great and should never be forgotten,” Vojin Pavlovic, president of the Istocna alternativa nationalist association, told AFP, but added that they were “pessimistic” about the verdict.
“You just have to be a Serb to be sentenced in The Hague.”
Prosecutor Brammertz warned the Mladic judgment would not bring an end to the divisions in the Balkans, saying it was just “the end of one chapter”.
“Denial of genocide is the last phase of the genocide,” Brammertz said.
burs-dk/jv
