Venezuela unveils new banknotes on Friday to once again slash zeroes off its currency, battered by runaway inflation that has compounded the country’s economic collapse and left many struggling to put food on the table.
The national economy has shrunk by 80 percent since 2013 as the oil price crashed and output dwindled during decades of under-investment, US sanctions, and mismanagement by successive socialist governments.
The latest banknote reform is the third in 13 years and gives Venezuela the dubious distinction of becoming the South American country to have removed the most zeroes from its currency.
Seven one-million bolivar notes — the highest denomination and very hard to come by — were needed to pay in cash for one loaf of bread in the once-rich oil-producing nation, now battling the world’s highest inflation rate.
Consumers have struggled to make payment for even the most basic goods or services and public sector workers have found themselves receiving salaries paid in millions of bolivars that are effectively worth nothing.
“We earn, fortnightly, less than three dollars,” teacher Marelys Guerrero, 43, told AFP in Caracas.
Rent for an apartment in a modest suburb of the capital starts from about $150, while a basket of basic groceries for a family of five costs about $220.
Most payments in bolivars are done by debit card or bank transfer, but seventy percent of transactions are now conducted in US dollars, according to private sector estimates, and prices on many shop shelves are displayed in the US currency, to keep things simpler.
– ‘I’ll buy your dollar!’ –
The bolivar lost three zeros in 2008 under now-deceased President Hugo Chavez, whose successor Nicolas Maduro eliminated five more in 2018.
With Friday’s change, a million bolivars will overnight become one — still the equivalent of about 25 US cents.
In Venezuela’s border regions, besides the dollar, it is common to also pay for goods in Colombian pesos or Brazilian reais, and even grams of gold.
In the rest of the country, cash is used almost exclusively for purchasing public transport tickets, but even this presents a headache as notes are scarce and can only be obtained by standing in long queues at the bank.
“I’ll buy your dollar!” — children with thick wads of bolivar bills yell at buses that, along with bus stops, have become informal currency exchange offices.
“We pay one dollar for four million bolivars. The fare costs two million,” said William Hernandez, a 56-year-old bus driver.
The government will issue new banknotes in denominations of five, 10, 20, 50, and 100 bolivars, as well as a one-bolivar coin after Friday’s change.
But the government has also said that it wants the economy to become entirely digital, a move, experts say, is meant to avoid printing money that will just continue devaluing.
“It is very likely that in about three or four years the government will have to reconvert again,” Luis Arturo Barcenas of economic consultancy Ecoanalitica told AFP.
– ‘It’s a relief’ –
The bolivar has lost nearly all its value in just over a decade — shedding almost 73 percent in 2021 alone.
The country’s annual budget of 115 billion bolivars in 2007 — then the equivalent of $50 billion — if held in the local currency, would be worth less than a dollar today.
Venezuela is battling its eighth year of recession as well as hyperinflation that reached nearly 3,000 percent in 2020 and more than 9,500 percent the year before, according to central bank figures.
In May, the government tripled the minimum monthly wage but the new amount was not enough even to buy a kilogram of meat.
Three in four Venezuelans today live in extreme poverty, according to an academic study published Wednesday, with the economic collapse worsened by the coronavirus pandemic.
Millions have left the country in recent years to try their luck elsewhere, but many have ended up as refugees.
While consumers like Guerrero fear Friday’s readjustment of the bolivar could further squash their pocket with shopkeepers rounding up prices, others like Caracas accountant Rodrigo Bermudez welcome the change.
“It’s a relief… The number of digits was making everything very cumbersome,” he told AFP, showing an invoice with too many zeroes to make any sense of.
