(Bloomberg) — South Africa’s efforts to reform its health system through a controversial national insurance plan may have been boosted by Covid-19.
The impact of the coronavirus — about 300,000 people in the country may have died, based on excess death estimates — has heightened the need to reduce health inequality, Nicholas Crisp, deputy director-general at the department of health, said in an interview. The pandemic has also shown the private and public sectors can collaborate effectively, he said.
“We did bang heads a lot in the beginning trying to find our way between different people’s responsibilities,” Crisp, 62, said in an interview from his office in Pretoria. “The bottom line was we needed to find a way to work together.”
South Africa’s ruling African National Congress initiated the National Health Insurance initiative, or NHI, in 2007 to broaden access to medical treatment in a country where at least 72% of the population relies on a dilapidated public system. Meanwhile, private health care competes with some of the best in the world — indicative of the the nation’s status as the most unequal of countries for which data is available, according to the Thomas Piketty-backed World Inequality Lab.
The NHI’s implementation subsequently stalled while funding and operational details were ironed out and the pandemic’s burden on the health system further slowed the process. Crisp heads up the NHI office and the country’s Covid-19 vaccine rollout.
Under NHI, the government intends to procure services from private hospitals and doctors at rates to be determined by the state. It also wants more accountability, transparency and tighter regulation of the non-state industry.
Through the pandemic, “we learned that when you’re managing a public health challenge, no matter what that public health issue is, you have to work with one national system,” Crisp said. “You cannot have nine provincial systems and you can’t have every private supplier or provider doing what they want to do.”
Critics of NHI say it’s unaffordable, though Crisp countered that with about 8.5% of gross domestic product already spent on healthcare, when duplication and inefficiencies are removed the leap isn’t as big as many think.
In addition, the state’s work to combat the pandemic quickly became soured by allegations of corruption and incompetence. Former Health Minister Zweli Mkhize — Crisp’s then ultimate boss — resigned last year after a probe implicated his family in a tender scandal.
“People like me are really disappointed, in fact angry, about the fraud and corruption that has made it more difficult for us to do our job,” Crisp said. “But really, do we want to continue with what we’re doing now or do we want to build something that’s sustainable?”
In South Africa, almost two thirds of all the specialists in the country are in the private sector.
“Healthcare is currently hugely inequitable,” Crisp said. “We waste resources, we are massively irresponsible in the way that we deal with our health system collectively as a country, and we can fix it.”
