AFP

Campaigners on Wednesday slammed a South African court ruling to allow construction to go ahead on Amazon’s new African headquarters, dealing a blow to indigenous groups who say the development will desecrate ancestral land.

Developers now have the go-ahead to re-start work  on a multi-million-dollar project that is to host the US tech giant’s offices –- which had been halted by a previous court decision.

The High Court in Cape Town concluded Tuesday that a representative for several groups opposing the construction had “misrepresented the views of some indigenous leaders without consulting with them”. 

Campaigners opposing the development said they were “deeply disappointed” at ruling. 

“We do not believe that the facts put before the court enabled the court to make a fair judgement,” a collective of campaign groups representing indigenous people said in a statement. 

Amazon was not directly named in the case that has pitted indigenous groups against property developers.

Construction of a nine-storey business and residential complex on a greenfield site that will be anchored by Amazon was first approved by city authorities last year.

But work on the four-billion-rand ($225 million) complex were suspended in March this year after indigenous people took legal action. 

Some of the country’s first inhabitants, the Khoisan, said the development lies on a battlefield where their ancestors fought Portuguese colonisers in 1510.

Once hunter-gatherers known under the now-discarded label of Bushmen, the Khoisan suffered deeply during the colonial-era and under apartheid.

Indigenous communities in South Africa still face vast social inequalities and lack of economic activities, with their history often overlooked.

Located on what was previously a golf course, Amazon’s new HQ will have a total floor space of 70,000 square metres (7.5 million feet) — equivalent to almost 10 football pitches.

The project holds the promise of thousands of jobs in a country where unemployment is cripplingly high.

Several Khoisan groups had thrown their support behind the project after the developers agreed to build a heritage, cultural and media centre that will be operated by indigenous groups.

European workers squeezed by the soaring cost of living went on strike in Belgium and Greece on Wednesday, with more stoppages threatening to paralyse parts of Britain, France and Spain in coming days.

Spreading industrial unrest poses a problem for governments which are already spending billions trying to blunt the worst effects of rising prices, at least for the most vulnerable.

Europe is acutely affected by the fall-out from the war in Ukraine, which is exacerbating a global energy crisis, inflation and a scarcity of some food products.

The onset of winter, when energy bills spike, and repeated predictions of a continent-wide recession are souring the labour mood even further.

Belgium and Greece saw general strikes on Wednesday, disrupting transport in their respective capitals, impacting businesses.

In Brussels, home to the European Commission and other EU institutions, workers were protesting inflation running higher than 12 percent — well above the 10.7 percent average across the eurozone.

The country’s biggest union, the FGTB, is demanding greater leeway to negotiate pay rises. 

But the Belgian government counters that Belgian salaries are already indexed to inflation — an arrangement not seen in most other countries.

The strike cut train services by 75 percent and closed the airport in the southern city of Charleroi, the main hub in the country for Europe’s leading airline Ryanair.

– Strikes in Britain and France –

In Greece, ferries serving its many islands were among the transport lines halted by a general strike, the second to hit the country since September.

Brief clashes erupted in Athens and Thessaloniki when hooded youths threw firebombs at police, who responded with tear gas.

In the capital, red paint was splashed at the entrance to Greece’s central bank, and a firebomb was thrown at a car in front of the finance ministry.

In the northern city of Thessaloniki, a banner said: “We choose life, not survival.”

Greek unions are insisting on salary rises to cope with inflation which nationally has risen to 12 percent.

Stoppages were to be felt on Thursday in Britain and France, with the underground urban rail networks and buses in London and Paris to be severely affected.

A French union leader, Celine Verzeletti of the CGT confederation, predicted up to 200 “demonstration points”, roughly the same as the last national strike in France, on October 18, when more than 100,000 people protested.

France is not as badly affected by inflation as its European peers, as the state holds stakes in the main energy companies and has minimised how far energy bills can rise.

Inflation in France is just over six percent — better than elsewhere — but with economic activity across the eurozone nosediving, hatches are being battened for what looks like a period of stagflation.

In Britain, where inflation is above 10 percent, worker protests over not being able to make ends meet are coming to a crescendo.

The Bank of England predicts the country is headed for a two-year recession, even though it was forced to hike interest rates, making it even tougher for UK households.

– EU energy moves –

On top of Thursday’s stoppage in London’s Underground, British nurses are to hold the first strike in the 106-year history of their RCN union at a date yet to be announced.

Late next week, hundreds of workers at Heathrow airport are to down tools for three days, between November 18 and 21, to demand better pay.

Their action could force the cancellation of flights to Qatar, which is to host the World Cup football tournament that kicks off on November 20.

British dockers, university staff, postal employees and the legal profession have all held, or threaten to continue strikes over pay eaten away by inflation.

In Spain, truck drivers have called an indefinite strike from next Monday. Their last stoppage, in March, led to empty supermarket shelves.

With labour protests mounting, the EU is looking at ways to take some of the sting out of energy prices.

The European Commission and member states are working on proposals to promote the joint purchase of gas and possibly impose a mechanism to cap the price of wholesale gas within the EU.

Details are not expected to be finalised until late this month, but the steps — and unseasonably warm weather last month — contributed to a fall in gas prices, though they are expected to rise again as winter bites.

The head of the European Central Bank, Christine Lagarde, said last week a “mild” eurozone recession looked likely — but warned it would not be enough to bring down record-high inflation.

Kenya Airways pilots returned to work on Wednesday, after a court ordered them to end their days-long strike which had led to hundreds of flight cancellations and stranded thousands of passengers.

The strike, which began on Saturday, exacerbated the woes facing the troubled national carrier, which has vowed to “do everything possible to return to normalcy in the shortest time”.

“The strike is off, we are back to work,” a spokesperson for the Kenya Airline Pilots Association (KALPA) told AFP Wednesday, hours after a Nairobi court ordered the union to end the walkout.

Kenya Airways’ latest online update said most flights had resumed on Wednesday, and it said on Twitter it should be operating normally by November 12.

Officials at Nairobi’s Jomo Kenyatta International Airport said the airline was still struggling to clear the backlog from earlier flight cancellations.

“We have had several KQ flights on schedule today take off after the pilots resumed work,” an official at the Kenya Airports Authority told AFP, using the shorthand airline code.

“Things are getting back to normal,” he said. 

The dispute has added to the challenges facing Kenya’s recently elected President William Ruto, who has inherited a country already battling a cost-of-living crisis and a record drought.

Passengers at the airport told AFP they were cautiously optimistic after being forced to reschedule their travel plans because of the strike.

Peace Wamala told AFP she was hoping to finally make it to the Ugandan town of Entebbe following a cancellation on Tuesday.

She said she didn’t yet know “the exact time for our flight but we have been assured we will fly today”.

Another passenger, who only gave her name as Londiwe, told AFP: “I have had the worst experience on KQ during the strike for the past two days, but finally I have been told I will fly this evening.

“So I am just hoping the pilots will not go on strike again.”

KALPA launched the walkout in defiance of a court injunction issued last week against the strike, prompting the government to threaten the pilots with disciplinary action.

– ‘No disciplinary action’ –

Kenya Airways, which is part-owned by the government as well as Air France-KLM, is one of the biggest in Africa, connecting multiple countries to Europe and Asia. 

But it has been running losses for years, despite the government pumping in millions of dollars to keep it afloat.

In a breakthrough for the beleaguered airline, Justice Anna Mwaure on Tuesday ordered KALPA members to resume their duties “unconditionally” by 6:00 am (0300 GMT) Wednesday.

Mwaure also ordered the airline’s management to allow the pilots “to perform their duties without harassing them or intimidating them and especially by not taking any disciplinary action against any of them”.

Transport Minister Kipchumba Murkomen had urged the pilots and the airline’s management to obey the court order.

“In the past three days, this strike has disrupted travel plans for over 12,000 customers… forced the cancellation of over 300 flights, and affected 3,500 other employees who were not part of it,” he said.

The protesting pilots, who make up 10 percent of the airline’s total workforce, are pressing for the reinstatement of contributions to a provident fund and payment of all salaries stopped during the Covid-19 pandemic.

In a statement released Tuesday, the airline’s CEO Allan Kilavuka said: “We commit to complying with the court’s directions.”

The airline and the government have accused the union of engaging in “economic sabotage”, with Kenya Airways warning that the strike would lead to losses estimated at $2.5 million per day.

The airline was founded in 1977 following the demise of East African Airways, and flies more than four million passengers to 42 destinations annually.

It has been operating in large part thanks to state bailouts following years of losses.

Global stock markets fell Wednesday following weak Chinese data and as traders assessed results of US midterm elections.

The dollar rose strongly versus the British pound — a currency under pressure owing to the UK’s bleak economic outlook.

Oil prices retreated as official data from China showed the world’s second-largest economy languishing under its strict zero-Covid policy.

Bitcoin continued to slide on fallout from the near-collapse of cryptocurrency platform FTX, reaching the lowest level for two years at $17,172.43.

Shares in Facebook owner Meta jumped 6.1 percent at the start of trading on Wall Street after the company said it would lay off 11,000 staff, in a move which follows a recent plunge of its valuation.

The tech industry is in a serious slump and several major firms have announced mass layoffs — Twitter’s new owner Elon Musk fired half its staff last week.

Ad-supported platforms such as Facebook and Google are suffering with advertisers looking to cut costs as they struggle with inflation and rising interest rates.

– US midterms –

Equities rose ahead of the vote on the likelihood of legislative gridlock for the next two years, which would mean no new big increases in government spending and taxes.

But Republican hopes for a sweeping rebuke of President Joe Biden in congressional elections failed to materialise, with both parties picking up seats following a campaign fought against a backdrop of stubbornly high inflation and fears for US democracy.

While Republicans look like they will pick up a slim majority in the House, the outcome in the Senate is still unclear.

“The stock market had a nice, little run leading up to election day based on the gridlock angle,” said Patrick O’Hare at Briefing.com.

“It appears that is going to be the case, so participants are taking some money off the table,” he added.

– ‘No good news from China’ –

In China, speculation over how long Beijing will keep its harsh lockdown-and-testing Covid-19 policies has fuelled volatility on markets, despite the government vowing it will not change course.

The restrictions have taken a toll on the Chinese economy, with Data Wednesday showing China’s producer price index (PPI) fell by 1.3 percent on-year in October, pushing it into negative territory for the first time since December 2020.

The consumer price index (CPI) — the main gauge for retail inflation — rose 2.1 percent year-on-year in October, moderating slightly from September’s two-year high of 2.8 percent.

“The economy’s slowing, confirmed by the CPI data,” Iris Pang, chief economist for Greater China at ING Wholesale Banking, told AFP. 

“I don’t see any good news from China.”

– Key figures around 1330 GMT –

London – FTSE 100: DOWN 0.2 percent at 7,291.45 points

Frankfurt – DAX: DOWN 0.5 percent at 13,618.84

Paris – CAC 40: DOWN 0.3 percent at 6,419.94

EURO STOXX 50: DOWN 0.5 percent at 3,721.68

New York – Dow: DOWN 0.5 percent at 32,982.50

Tokyo – Nikkei 225: DOWN 0.6 percent at 27,716.43 (close)

Hong Kong – Hang Seng Index: DOWN 1.2 percent at 16,358.52 (close)

Shanghai – Composite: DOWN 0.5 percent at 3,048.17 (close)

Pound/dollar: DOWN at $1.1397 from $1.1468 on Tuesday

Euro/dollar: UP at $1.0030 from $1.0005

Dollar/yen: UP at 146.38 yen from 146.26 yen

Euro/pound: UP at 87.95 pence from 87.23 pence

West Texas Intermediate: DOWN 1.4 percent at $87.64 per barrel

Brent North Sea crude: DOWN 1.5 percent at $93.97 per barrel

burs-rl/jmm

Facebook owner Meta will lay off more than 11,000 of its staff in “the most difficult changes we’ve made in Meta’s history,” boss Mark Zuckerberg said on Wednesday.

He said the cuts represented 13 percent of the social media titan’s workforce and would affect its research lab focusing on the metaverse as well as its apps, which include Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp.

The tech industry is in a serious slump and several major firms have announced mass layoffs — Twitter’s new owner Elon Musk fired half its staff last week.

“I want to take accountability for these decisions and for how we got here,” Zuckerberg said in a note to staff.

“I know this is tough for everyone, and I’m especially sorry to those impacted.”

Ad-supported platforms such as Facebook and Google are suffering with advertisers looking to cut costs as they struggle with inflation and rising interest rates.

Zuckerberg told 87,000-strong staff he had expected the boost in e-commerce and online activity during the Covid pandemic to continue, but added: “I got this wrong, and I take responsibility for that.”

The downturn has affected companies across the sector, with Apple and Amazon also recently announcing results that disappointed investors.

But Meta also faces some unique problems of its own.

The California-based company is being squeezed by Zuckerberg’s decision to devote billions of dollars to developing the metaverse, an immersive version of the web accessed via virtual reality headsets.

Zuckerberg renamed the company Meta a year ago to reflect the commitment to the project, but the division working on metaverse technology has since made losses of more than $3.5 billion.

Facebook is also struggling to fend off Chinese-owned TikTok, the now dominant social media for younger users to the detriment of Meta’s Instagram.

– ‘Last resort’ –

Mike Proulx, a research director at Forrester, said “Meta is amidst an identity crises” and that severe cost-cutting was “inevitable.”

“The company has one foot in a risky long-term metaverse bet and another foot failing to compete with TikTok,” he added.

Zuckerberg has hinted several times this year that belt-tightening measures were just around the corner and said in his letter on Wednesday that staff layoffs were a “last resort.”

Meta would also keep a hiring freeze going into next year, he said, and other spending cuts were envisaged.

“Fundamentally, we’re making all these changes for two reasons: our revenue outlook is lower than we expected at the beginning of this year, and we want to make sure we’re operating efficiently,” Zuckerberg wrote.

The measures were also a message to Wall Street, where the company’s poor performance has sent the Meta share price plummeting by 70 percent since the start of the year.

Last month, Meta announced profits of $4.4 billion in the third quarter, a 52 percent decrease year-on-year.

The slump in profits comes despite its platforms dominating the world in terms of users — Facebook alone claims to have around two billion people who log on daily.

An earlier version of this story misspelled the name of Meta’s CEO in paragraphs 15 and 17. He is Mark Zuckerberg, not Mark Zuckerman.